ABSTRACT
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30th Jan 2020 and later declared it as pandemic on 11th March 2020. Community surveillance plays a significant role in the prevention of the spread of disease. The government of India’s focus has been on community surveillance activities which mainly comprises contact tracing and quarantine. Objective: To explore high risk and low-risk contacts of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a Tertiary Care Center, Pune. To find out the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 cases and To study demographic characters of COVID-19 cases. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study was done in the Tertiary Care Center, where isolation of suspected cases and management of COVID-19 positive patients was done. Details about patients such as age, sex, residence, history of contact with COVID-19 patient, history of travel to COVID-19 affected case was taken by taking the interview. Data were analyzed by Epi-info version 7.2.1.0. The statistical Tests used was the chi-square test. Results: Male patients were more as compared to females. There was a significant association between co-morbidities and deaths of COVID-19 patients. Family members were the most affected contacts of cases(63.16%). 23 families have secondary cases in their homes. The highest secondary attack rate was found to be 83.33% in 2 families. Conclusion: Family members were the most affected contacts of cases (63.16%) followed by health care workers. There was no significant difference between deaths among male and female cases. 23 families(19%) had secondary cases in their homes. The secondary attack rate ranged from 9% to 83.33%, with a median of 24.26%. © IJCRR.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: India has reported more than 70,000 cases and 2000 deaths. Pune is the second city in the Maharashtra state after Mumbai to breach the 1000 cases. Total deaths reported from Pune were 158 with a mortality of 5.7%. To plan health services, it is important to learn lessons from early stage of the outbreak on course of the disease in a hospital setting. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak of COVID-19 in India from a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study which included all admitted laboratory confirmed COVID19 cases from March 31, to April 24, 2020. The information was collected in a predesigned pro forma which included sociodemographic data, duration of stay, family background, outcome, etc., by trained staff after ethics approval. Epi Info7 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Out of the total 197 cases, majority cases were between the ages of 31-60 years with slight male preponderance. Majority of these cases were from the slums. Breathlessness was the main presenting symptom followed by fever and cough. More than 1/5th of patients were asymptomatic from exposure to admission. The case fatality rate among the admitted cases was 29.4%. Comorbidity was one of the significant risk factors for the progression of disease and death (odds ratio [OR] = 16.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.0 - 40.1, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Mortality was higher than the national average of 3.2%; comorbidity was associated with bad prognosis.